Xiaobo Wang (1952–1997)

This book was written in 1996, less than a year before the author died (in his 40's). It reflects a lot of his life during which - during the Great Cultural Revolution (1966-78) - he, along with millions of other young adults, were ordered to go into the countryside to work on farms, build roads & bridges, and do other work with their hands, which was supposed to imbue them with righteousness - or vigor as Communist youths. There were many sessions during which "cadres" - people being or who had become vigorous Communists - confessed their "crimes" to the public, at which times the gathered throng of hundreds or thousands of people harrarrased, beat & threw things at the confessor, which could have been anyone within the area & from which no one was exempt. The impact on the author's life riddled the remainder of his life with cynicism and bitterness, confusion and loss of relationships.

This is a tough, uncomfortable book to read. It is also very well done and believable. It has only recently been translated.… (més)

A man for whom the term intellectual wasn't an insult, in a country where it was.

Wang Xiaobo was an intellectual, unashamedly and proudly. He knew from an early age he was different, and destined to write, and so he did. In The Pleasure of Thinking, a collection of his nonfiction essays, he shows off the simple, innate differences in the way he looked at everything. It is as refreshing as it is revealing. Thinking pays for itself.

Wang died in 1997 of a heart attack, at the age of 56. His focus in writing had always been novels. He could spin a story. It kept him and his academic wife solvent. But lurking in the background was a mind that noticed everything for what it really was, and looked at it in its cultural context. That makes this collection an insight into him far more than just into his writing, which is clear, concise, relaxed, and fun.

China was not kind to intellectuals. Under Mao, it sought equality not by raising everyone to a higher level with education and training, but by hammering down intellectuals to peasant level. So the teenaged Wang was sent to a rural commune to learn the ways his government wanted him to be: poor, famished and hemmed in. He gives us views of the idiotic backyard steel furnaces the government mandated because its steel industry was totally incapable of supplying the country. There was unendurable famine, no jobs, and little in the way of currency circulating. But Wang was able to look at it from a distance, as if from above, more so that it would not be forgotten than damning it as most did.

Growing up, he stole his father’s books to read, a lot of great western classics, totally unavailable to him otherwise, and was beaten severely for it. By the time he came to the USA, he was quoting Bertrand Russell and George Bernard Shaw, as well as the intellectuals from other western cultures. His father was a professor of philosophy, an impossible position in China in the 50s. He later admitted to his son that his whole career was “one long horror film.” Everything he wanted to discuss had to be couched in the Mao-speak of the era. The son seemed to have learned from this, and was able to see through to the reality of his circumstances and environment, no matter where or when.

Through these essays readers can watch Wang grow. Where his father was at his wits’ end, the son put it all into quite remarkable perspective: “Chinese scholars have a very strong sense of their obligation to society, but this is only speech taxation, it is being a good taxpayer.” This is a noteworthy position to take, and it is typical of Wang’s approach to life.

He grew up in the Great Famine, an artificial disaster, or feature, of the Cultural Revolution. People grabbed anything and ate it. He himself would eat pencils, starting with the soft eraser, the metallic band holding it in place, and then the wooden shaft, leaving only the carbon “lead” to write with. He gnawed on desks, like many others. “There is a truth here too, though one that has not been expressed in words: starvation can turn a child into a termite.”

He despaired of a life sentence of silence and repression, but like Russell, learned to explore his own thinking, about anything and everything. The result is restrained insight. Wang doesn’t criticize harshly. He notes. He understands where institutions are weak, but keeps himself from slamming them too harshly. For example, here is his take on why the Chinese don’t make good (or any) sci-fi films: “The lack of scientific knowledge, the lack of imagination, these are the reasons why China can’t make sci-fi films.” Chinese films were all government-mandated costume dramas, scoring points for the proletarian revolution and way of life. There were only a tiny clutch of stories to tell, and all films were variations of them.

He might or might not be shocked at the 2020s, as China has its own gigantic film industry (even if the biggest films are all American). When he was at his own young creative heights, the attitude he found was: “This movie of mine, where is the social value? Where is the moral value? Why do I want to make a weird movie like this? The most important question is: how is this movie contributing to the current national effort?”

He managed to get schooling in the USA, and unlike most others, returned to China afterward. He also managed side trips, notably to Europe. His observations on the differences with China everywhere he went are still valid. They set him up for comparisons of the two cultures, both of which have their massive faults, one little worse than the other. His assessment of the differences? On the macro level, “managing every aspect of life is something of a specialty among humans.” Terrific observation, quite diplomatic, and totally unexpected.

He summed up the foundational differences like this: “Puritans believe that human nature is evil and needs to be controlled. Our traditional philosophy believes that humans are by nature good, but that this intrinsic goodness disappears once we grow past the ‘age of innocence.’” So by the time they’re teenagers, people in both societies are treated with the same disrespect.

In his travels, he was surprised to meet essentially no Chinese workers in agriculture: “The vast majority of mainland Chinese work as farmers, but in America, Chinese people rarely work on farms. This is because by local standards, the Chinese don’t know how to farm,” he realized, having worked on a Chinese farm during his internal exile for re-education.

Housing in China has tended to be crummy, with little or no thought to comfort or individuality. Concrete boxes, storing people vertically, was the order of the day. In the USA, everything was about owning an entire house. And a yard. And that house was carefully tended and kept up. “It’s not like here, where we make a mess and make everything look like a mass grave.”

He was fascinated by American food, but like most Chinese, could only down fast food with any kind of satisfaction. Slabs of meat and plates filled with things that need cutting (with dull knives) was never a gastronomic delight for him. Chinese food culture lives on an astounding variety of sauces that make the same old ingredients into whole new dishes. From his perspective the USA, had only ever managed to create one sauce of its own – ketchup. It was available free, everywhere, in small packets, and was meant to dress up numerous dishes. Unsuccessfully.

After years building himself up with a high protein American diet, his return to China saw him sticking out like a sore thumb. But “After avoiding the sun and exercise for three years, I finally look like an intellectual again.”

None of this is to say he didn’t get it, because he really did, but it was depressing. At one pooint he declares that “to teach ignorance is the worse crime committed by otherwise good people […] Had I been duped by an evil scheming villain, I could come to terms with it; but to have been duped by kind, dimwitted people is intolerable.” And yet, probably like his philosopher father before him, Wang could still say: “If only I were illiterate, perhaps I wouldn’t feel quite as awful.”

David Wineberg… (més)

שלוש נובלות שמתארות באופן יבש ולפעמים אפילו קומי את המציאות המזעזעת של סין בתקופת המהפיכה התרבותית הגדולה בעיקר באמצעות שימוש בוטה במין. זכו לביקורות טובות בעתונות אבל לא כאן והאמת שגם לא אצלי. במידה רבה מיגעות וחוזרות על עצמן. קשה לי בכלל להבין אם הבעיה זה בספר, בי או בניתוק התרבותי שלי מסין שלא מאפשר לי בכלל להבין את משמעות הניואנסים של הסיפורים.… (més)

Hasn't Stayed with Me

This is a collection of three novellas by Wang Xiabao. I love modern Chinese fiction, but I had great trouble "getting into" "Wang in Love and Bondage." The writing and translation seemed fine, but I just couldn't empathize or connect with the characters. The subject matter is saucy; as far as I know, it's one of the few translations to be so explicit. Other books, such as "Shifu, You'll Do Anything for a Laugh" by Mo Yan, "Serve the People" by Yan Lianke, or even "Half of Man is Woman" by Zhang Xianliang (all also banned in China) deal with related sexual matters, like prostitution, impotence, and extra-marital affairs.

Unfortunately, the stories and the characters in "Wang in Love and Bondage" just haven't stayed with me. I am glad I read this collection even though it didn't quite have an impact on me.… (més)