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Gosta Esping-Andersen

Autor/a de The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism

12 obres 222 Membres 2 Ressenyes

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Esping-Anderson presents a knowledgeable and well-formulated account of the US and European welfare states, their origins, evolution and potential trajectories. With few exceptions, the presented model remains quite relevant and, at times, surprisingly prescient – making this read all the more interesting. 👍
 
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mitchanderson | Hi ha 1 ressenya més | Jan 17, 2021 |
This book sets a bar for the analysis and classification of welfare systems. Gosta relies on de-commodification scores across different dimensions to signal three clusters that correspond with the 3 dominant modes of welfare capitalism:
Liberal:
Proper to countries with a powerful liberalist legacy such as US, UK and Canada which reflects in low or moderate de-commodification, prominence of means-tested targeting and private-market reliance with moderate universal transfers or social insurance plans. The depth of this model implementation is directly tied to the average historical presence of left parties in the cabinet. In this model social reform has traditionally been circumscribed by traditional, liberal, work ethic norms. As welfare is only received by the lowest social strata, it is continually challenged in the vote by the majority that derive no benefits.
In this model, still the public sector is oversized although many of its expenditures are channeled into private jobs (defence, healthcare), it has a strong successful track record of egalitarianism thorugh private sector regulation while the sectors more liberalized are also deep pockets of junk jobs.
Conservative:
In this model corporatist organization and etatism are especially pronounced. Conservative stratification principles are powerfully related both to Catholic-party strength and absolutism. In these the liberal obsession with market efficiency was never preeminent and thus grant of social rights was not contested. Preservation of status differentials is prominent and rights are attached to class and status, resulting in poor redistributive effects. The state displaces the market as welfare provider and thus private insurance and occupational benefits are marginal. The church weights in commitment to traditional familyhood and thus shapes the welfare approach (poor day care, exclusion of non-working wives from benefits, etc…).
In this model the decks are stacked against service work and high productivity industry is needed to sustain relevant levels of pensioners and non-active population (60%). The impending cost-crisis of this imbalance is the main problem of this system, since it basically results in a jobless growth economy.
Socialist:
In this regime universality and equality are the leading principles and left party power is the dominant precondition for development. It translates in highly de-commodifying and universalistic programs with strong emphasis on emancipation and that strongly marries welfare and work. Such programs can only be democratically acceptable by raising the level of services so that the middle class strongly benefits from them too and thus creating a strong democratic consensus around the system. The model creates strong incentives for women to work by provision of support services (day care, etc…) and abundant supply of public jobs attractive to woman while at the same time providing strong benefits for employment. Indeed the model depends in having most people working as it would otherwise prove unsustainable. Thus early retirement is also discouraged.
The model still produces a strong gender bias along public/private lines, and has the Achilles heel in the need to restrain public salaries in order to contain costs. It also faces challenges to protect industrial jobs from international competition.
To remark that the Swedish model has been strongly protective of high earners benefits in tax pressure terms, as the part that gets less of a deal from the welfare state.
… (més)
 
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Troilo | Hi ha 1 ressenya més | Oct 23, 2013 |

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Obres
12
Membres
222
Popularitat
#100,929
Valoració
½ 3.6
Ressenyes
2
ISBN
47
Llengües
6

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