Alex Strick van Linschoten
Autor/a de An Enemy We Created: The Myth of the Taliban-Al Qaeda Merger in Afghanistan
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Afghanistan (1)
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- 70
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- #248,179
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- 3.6
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Numerous works were translated in full as documentation for their author's efforts. For the Arab World, the death of Nasser in 1970 signaled a watershed. The 1967 defeat of the Arabs at the hands of Israel resulted in that a alarming number of people, especially youth, returned to their original identity, that of members of an Islamist civilization.
In contrast, the underlying dynamics of politics and power in Afghanistan, particularly in the south and the east of the country, has been characterized by a rural-urban dichotomy. Most education in Afghanistan was directed by Pakistani leaders: Deobandi. In the 1980s jihadist sympathies arrived for these followers as well. There was a generational difference between the older Al Qaeda types and the younger Taliban affiliates.
In the Arab Middle East the Muslim brotherhood set the tone of the jihadists. Takfirism is the process through which a Muslim is essentially excommunicated from the umma or Islamic community and deemed an enemy of the same. For the youth, the first generation to be born in the air of independence came of age and most of the Muslim world. These young people had no firsthand recollection of the anti-colonial tide of liberation that had legitimized the nationalist regimes under which they lived, and thus they were out of step with the elites in government. More troubling, they have been born too late to benefit from the jobs and social advancement created by independence in from the sharing out of property abandoned by the departing settlers and colonists.
In contrast, the educational background of these prominent Afghan Arabs is in numerous secular subjects and they tended to form a new, religiously aware elite committed to jihad in their adopted country.
1979 is a critical year for three events that resonated throughout the Muslim world. The three events are the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Iranian revolution, and the siege of mecca. The Iranian revolution did not convince many Sunnis however the attack on Mecca by Sunni fundamentalists who believes that the Mehdi's return was imminent. The attack paved the way for further militancy among the Islamists.… (més)