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Test Marshmallow de Walter Mischel
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Test Marshmallow (edició 2015)

de Walter Mischel, Agnieszka Nowak-Młynikowska (Tł.)

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5081547,739 (3.76)8
Renowned psychologist Walter Mischel, designer of the famous Marshmallow Test, explains what self-control is and how to master it. A child is presented with a marshmallow and given a choice: Eat this one now, or wait and enjoy two later. What will she do? And what are the implications for her behavior later in life? The world's leading expert on self-control, Walter Mischel has proven that the ability to delay gratification is critical for a successful life, predicting higher SAT scores, better social and cognitive functioning, a healthier lifestyle and a greater sense of self-worth. But is willpower prewired, or can it be taught? In The Marshmallow Test, Mischel explains how self-control can be mastered and applied to challenges in everyday life--from weight control to quitting smoking, overcoming heartbreak, making major decisions, and planning for retirement. With profound implications for the choices we make in parenting, education, public policy and self-care, The Marshmallow Test will change the way you think about who we are and what we can be.… (més)
Membre:pkowal13
Títol:Test Marshmallow
Autors:Walter Mischel
Altres autors:Agnieszka Nowak-Młynikowska (Tł.)
Informació:Sopot : Wydawnictwo Smak Słowa, 2015.
Col·leccions:Łukasz e-books
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The Marshmallow Test: Mastering Self-Control de Walter Mischel

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Anglès (11)  Castellà (1)  Noruec (1)  Alemany (1)  Totes les llengües (14)
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  Alderland | Jan 5, 2023 |
I was motivated to read this book after finding references to the marshmallow experiments in multiple places. In the review I assume familiarity with them. Walter Mischel is the lead researcher behind many of those experiments, and this fact shows in the way to book is written. Mischel describes in detail the original experiments and the multiple variations on the experiment that he and others tried on different settings. Later on he introduces the hot-cold system model that explains the outcome and practical ways that seem to improve control.

There are two main theses to the book. The first is the explanatory model for the outcomes in the marshmallow test. The model is what Mischel describes as the 'hot' vs 'cold' systems of the mind. The first system is fast and impulsive, the second is slower and more calculating. This model has also been validated further by direct methods like brain imaging, roughly showing the hot system matches the brain's amygdala and the cold system matching the more recently formed pre-frontal cortex. The marshmallow experiment seems to measure the relative strengths of the hot and cold systems during hot situations. This balance between the hot and cold systems seems to underlie a lot of day to day decision making and explains things like steep future discounting and temptation.

The second thesis of the book is whether this hot-cold system balance is fixed or not, and what variables affect it. Mischel notes that as the test was repeated over decades with the same subjects, there were some who waited more and some who waited less than before. He explains that while genetics plays a role, there are many variables and feedback loops involved, and that some behavioral strategies have shown improvement at least in lab settings. The main strategy he has tested is the "IF X THEN Y execution plan". It consists on the following: First one identifies an undesired, but regular outcome Y that one wishes to change. Then one should find all hot cues X that seem to trigger the behavior Y, and then, ahead of time, thinking of an alternative Y' that could distract us from doing Y. What Y' should be is based on other strategies described in the book. By doing this exercise repeatedly, he believes it is possible to create lasting changes.

Mischel is careful in interpreting the outcomes of the experiments and qualifying his assertions. He is also far more careful than other writers in distinguishing his anecdotes from experiments: for example on page 47: "I have not measured it, but preschool boys seem to use more physical strategies, ... while girls seem to sing to themselves more... But that's my impression only, not a finding". I like this kind of writing because it makes it easier to keep facts vs opinions separate in the mind while reading. As a result, the book is also less flashy than others but more substantial. ( )
  orm_tmr | Mar 16, 2022 |
Interesting book, well written. Perhaps the most fascinating information is about the role of the Executive Function of the brain and how it can and does control the "hot" or primitive brain. Boiled down, we get the marshmallow test. Exponentially we get otherwise smart people doing dumb things. It's a question of just who is boss here? You actually get to choose, thanks to the plasticity of the brain. (And thank goodness were not all locked in from birth!). One of the more compelling scenarios has to do with those highly sensitive people who seem to take offense at everything and the strategies they can use to distance themselves from, well...themselves (vs. self-immersion as the author calls it) so they can function more happily in the world. This has tremendous implications for young children and schools. Worth a read. ( )
  PattyLee | Dec 14, 2021 |
This is an interesting book on self control. It starts by explaining the principles behind the "Marshmallow Test' where a child is offered a treat that they can take now, or if they are prepared to wait for a short period of time then the proffered treat will increased. This simple test gives psychologists a tool to predict how a individual will behave much later in life and how successful they will be.

Mischel then expands into other studies on behaviour that he has been involved in and covers some of the work undertaken in schools to teach self control, and methods that you can use at home to achieve the same goals.

Was worth reading, and he covers a fascinating subject fairly well. But it does feel like you are reading a academic paper at times. I think that 2.5 stars is fair. ( )
  PDCRead | Apr 6, 2020 |
The Marshmallow Test by Walter Mischel is an inquiry into the workings of self-control. In a now classic experiment, Dr. Mischel determined that many factors controlled by the Prefrontal Cortex can manifest themselves in children as young as four, perhaps even earlier. The Marshmallow Test itself can only be administered to children of a certain age, or else the child might not understand the instructions.

The Test itself is ingenious and quite simple; offer the child a treat of some kind, it doesn’t have to be a marshmallow and tell the child that if they wait for around ten minutes they can have two marshmallows instead of one. Surprisingly, it was found that this determines a great many things later on in life. Self-control and willpower are instrumental in deciding SAT scores, whether or not the person will get in trouble, and whether the person will participate in risky behaviors or not.

In the 1960s it wasn’t thought to be the case, but willpower can be strengthened like any muscle. The key is to think of willpower as something that is determined by effort and not by birth. Countless studies starting with this one have shown this to be the case. Thus, this book was fascinating. ( )
  Floyd3345 | Jun 15, 2019 |
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Renowned psychologist Walter Mischel, designer of the famous Marshmallow Test, explains what self-control is and how to master it. A child is presented with a marshmallow and given a choice: Eat this one now, or wait and enjoy two later. What will she do? And what are the implications for her behavior later in life? The world's leading expert on self-control, Walter Mischel has proven that the ability to delay gratification is critical for a successful life, predicting higher SAT scores, better social and cognitive functioning, a healthier lifestyle and a greater sense of self-worth. But is willpower prewired, or can it be taught? In The Marshmallow Test, Mischel explains how self-control can be mastered and applied to challenges in everyday life--from weight control to quitting smoking, overcoming heartbreak, making major decisions, and planning for retirement. With profound implications for the choices we make in parenting, education, public policy and self-care, The Marshmallow Test will change the way you think about who we are and what we can be.

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