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S'està carregant… THE LONGITUDINAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER, LEADERSHIP, AND TEAM COHESIONde Peter K. Papadogiannis
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participants consisted of male high school volleyball players (N = 34), female high school volleyball players (N = 45), male high school volleyball coaches (N = 2), and female high school volleyball coaches (N = 4).
The athletes and coaches were tested on two separate occasions: early i n the season (2 weeks prior to the first regular season game) and near the end of the regular season (2 weeks prior to the final regular season game). On the initial visit, the athletes were administered a player's demographic questionnaire, the "perceived version" of the Leadership Scale for Sports, and the Group Environmental Questionnaire. The coaches were administered a coach's demographic questionnaire, and the "coach 's perception of on the final visit.
Repeated measures multivariate analyses of variances (MANOVAs) were used to determine how the overall differences between gender and perceived coaching leadership affected team cohesion over time. Results showed that female athletes with lower preceived democratic leadership at the end of the season had higher levels of social cohesion compared to male athletes with high perceived democratic leadership at the beginning of the season and low perceived democratic behavior at the end of the season, and female athletes with high levels of perceived democratic leadership at the end of the season.
As well, male athletes with high levels of perceived democratic leadership at the end of the season had more social cohesion than male athletes with high perceived democratic leadership at the beginning of the season.
Within the measure of social cohesion, findings also showed a significant three- way interaction between time, gender, and perceived social support. Specifically, female athletes low in perceived social support at the end of the season had higher social cohesion than female athletes with low perceived social support at the beginning of the season.
The results suggested that time and gender do play an important role in how athletes perceive their coach and subsequently in how their perceptions affected team cohesion. Because the leadership-cohesion relationship is still in the infant stages of academic study, more research needs to be completed in order to obtain a thorough understanding of how leadership and gender impact team cohesiveness.