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Retrotopia

de Zygmunt Bauman

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We have long since lost our faith in the idea that human beings could achieve human happiness in some future ideal state--a state that Thomas More, writing five centuries ago, tied to a topos, a fixed place, a land, an island, a sovereign state under a wise and benevolent ruler. But while we have lost our faith in utopias of all hues, the human aspiration that made this vision so compelling has not died. Instead it is re-emerging today as a vision focused not on the future but on the past, not on a future-to-be-created but on an abandoned and undead past that we could call retrotopia. The emergence of retrotopia is interwoven with the deepening gulf between power and politics that is a defining feature of our contemporary liquid-modern world--the gulf between the ability to get things done and the capability of deciding what things need to be done, a capability once vested with the territorially sovereign state. This deepening gulf has rendered nation-states unable to deliver on their promises, giving rise to a widespread disenchantment with the idea that the future will improve the human condition and a mistrust in the ability of nation-states to make this happen. True to the utopian spirit, retrotopia derives its stimulus from the urge to rectify the failings of the present human condition--though now by resurrecting the failed and forgotten potentials of the past. Imagined aspects of the past, genuine or putative, serve as the main landmarks today in drawing the road-map to a better world. Having lost all faith in the idea of building an alternative society of the future, many turn instead to the grand ideas of the past, buried but not yet dead. Such is retrotopia, the contours of which are examined by Zygmunt Bauman in this sharp dissection of our contemporary romance with the past.… (més)
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We zipped right past Utopia

Zygmunt Bauman has noticed that in 2017, we no longer look to the future with any kind of optimism. Mostly, we look to it with fear. For reassurance, we look fondly backward, to some imaginary time when everything was great, especially the future.

Retrotopia is an entire book reinforcing this point. Bauman cites hundreds of people in tracts, speeches, papers and books to show western society is crumbling, and taking our hopes with it. We are now all rivals, we are all on our own, and our best friends are guns. It’s a regurgitation of all the usual suspects: nationalism, globalization, automation, safety net removal, lack of community, loneliness, inequality…. The future just ain’t what it used to be for western society.

Bauman limits his research to the societal. The elephant in the room however, is the environment. While societies might be able to adapt to the Me era, the destruction of the ecosphere can no longer be overcome, and that has billions of people more than also a little concerned about the future. Lower pay, fewer protections and more solo battles are as nothing compared to an inhospitable planet.

Retrotopia just keeps making its one point, over and over, from different angles and sources. If you met Bauman at a party and he went on and on like this, you would consider him the biggest bore in the world. In a book you can put down, it is not nearly as bad, but really, beyond the introduction, there is little to recommend it.

David Wineberg ( )
  DavidWineberg | Feb 16, 2017 |
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We have long since lost our faith in the idea that human beings could achieve human happiness in some future ideal state--a state that Thomas More, writing five centuries ago, tied to a topos, a fixed place, a land, an island, a sovereign state under a wise and benevolent ruler. But while we have lost our faith in utopias of all hues, the human aspiration that made this vision so compelling has not died. Instead it is re-emerging today as a vision focused not on the future but on the past, not on a future-to-be-created but on an abandoned and undead past that we could call retrotopia. The emergence of retrotopia is interwoven with the deepening gulf between power and politics that is a defining feature of our contemporary liquid-modern world--the gulf between the ability to get things done and the capability of deciding what things need to be done, a capability once vested with the territorially sovereign state. This deepening gulf has rendered nation-states unable to deliver on their promises, giving rise to a widespread disenchantment with the idea that the future will improve the human condition and a mistrust in the ability of nation-states to make this happen. True to the utopian spirit, retrotopia derives its stimulus from the urge to rectify the failings of the present human condition--though now by resurrecting the failed and forgotten potentials of the past. Imagined aspects of the past, genuine or putative, serve as the main landmarks today in drawing the road-map to a better world. Having lost all faith in the idea of building an alternative society of the future, many turn instead to the grand ideas of the past, buried but not yet dead. Such is retrotopia, the contours of which are examined by Zygmunt Bauman in this sharp dissection of our contemporary romance with the past.

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