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Essays in Idleness

de Yoshida Kenkō

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Despite the turbulent times in which he lived, the Buddhist priest Kenkō met the world with a measured eye. As Emperor Go-Daigo fended off a challenge from the usurping Hojo family, and Japan stood at the brink of a dark political era, Kenkō held fast to his Buddhist beliefs and took refuge in the pleasures of solitude. Written between 1330 and 1332, Essays in Idleness reflects the congenial priest's thoughts on a variety of subjects. His brief writings, some no more than a few sentences long and ranging in focus from politics and ethics to nature and mythology, mark the crystallization of a distinct Japanese principle: that beauty is to be celebrated, though it will ultimately perish. Through his appreciation of the world around him and his keen understanding of historical events, Kenkō conveys the essence of Buddhist philosophy and its subtle teachings for all readers. Insisting on the uncertainty of this world, Kenkō asks that we waste no time in following the way of Buddha. In this fresh edition, Donald Keene's critically acclaimed translation is joined by a new preface, in which Keene himself looks back at the ripples created by Kenkō's musings, especially for modern readers.… (més)
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Kenkō was a Kyoto courtier-poet who took Buddhist orders in 1324. He wrote these 243 short essays when he was in his early fifties, apparently mostly for his own amusement. They didn‘t become widely known until about two hundred years later, but once the book did start circulating, it became established as a minor Japanese classic, treasured for the way it sets out some core elements of the Japanese view of aesthetics, etiquette and religious life.

That aspect of the essays is very interesting to us, of course, a door right into the court world of 14th century Kyoto, but they are also a treasure for their sheer randomness. We get thoughts on the uncouthness of the younger generation, rants against the import of useless stuff from China, careful analysis of exactly how we should enjoy the beauty of moonlight or cherry blossom, anecdotes about priests who get their heads stuck in cauldrons or ox-drivers who get the better of fine gentlemen, as well as some very precise laying down the law about which kinds of fish may be carved in the presence of the emperor.

Kenkō can be delightfully inconsistent on occasion, too — there’s a piece where he goes on about the evils of alcohol for a couple of pages, violently attacking irresponsible people who force booze on their friends and reminding us how boring other people become when they are drunk — and then, mysteriously, he seems to have overcome his hangover and goes on to tell us how wonderful a social stimulant alcohol can be, and what fun it is to see a friend getting tipsy… Kenkō does sometimes come over as a bit of a Polonius, but most of the time he is endearing, witty (although even after 700 years of research, some of his jokes are apparently still quite opaque to Japanese scholars), and very enjoyable to read.

The late Donald Keene was, of course, second to none in the art of making Japanese culture accessible to Westerners: here he gives us a short, helpful introduction, a wonderfully lucid translation of what seems to be a rather difficult and often ambiguous text, and enough notes to give us a good sense of all the deep cultural allusions buried in Kenkō‘s writing. ( )
1 vota thorold | Apr 15, 2024 |
Il monaco buddhista Kenkō, avrebbe via via incollato le strisce di carta contenenti i singoli brani del libro sulle pareti della sua casa. Dopo la sua morte, altri avrebbero messo insieme tali frammenti, in cui molti lettori dovevano trovare quello che è forse il più essenziale concentrato dello spirito giapponese.

Makoto e’ dunque sentire, vivere immediatamente e attraverso i sensi le cose del mondo. E’ una forma di estrinsecazione dell’emotivita’ che, facendo perno sul cuore, ne manifesta i sentimenti in modo vigoroso, schietto e immediato.

Noi troviamo il makoto in Kenko in quel fascino che per lui hanno le cose antiche o che rievocano il passato, nella sua preferenza per la semplicita’, nel suo vivo interesse per gli antichi riti e consuetudini e per le antiche parole ed espressioni e, in senso piu’ ampio, in quella sua avversione per le persone invadenti che vogliono a ogi costo mettersi in evidenza, e contro le quali esercita la sua ironia. (203)

Mono no aware, vale dunque: il turbamento (aware) delle (no) cose (mono), cioe’: la commozione, la simpatia per le cose, gli altri esseri e la stessa natura ci ispirano. (204)

Il titolo Tsurezure-gusa e’ composto di due parole, … Il significato preciso del vocabolo tsurezure non e’ molto chiaro. Di solito viene reso con contemplazione, tempo libero, noia, ozio; ma sembra piuttosto indicare quella feconda beatitudine che riempie l’anima quand’essa e’ sola con se stessa, non turbata o distratt da altro, nel silenzio che la circonda. (209)

Nelle mie ore d’ozio, seduto davanti al calamaio, vado annotando giorno dopo giorno, senza alcun motivo particolare, ogni pensiero che mi passa per la mente, per quanto futile sia: e’ una cosa, questa, che mi procura una sensazione davvero strana, simile a una lieve ebbrezza. (13)

1 * Il lignaggio e l’aspetto noi lo riceviamo dalla natura: ma perche’ non dovremmo almeno far si’ che il nostro cuore diventi sempre piu’ saggio? (14)

13 * Non c’e’ cosa piu’ consolante che sedere sotto una lampada con un libro aperto e far conoscenza con coloro che son vissuti nei tempi passati. (19-20)

73 * Cio’ che in questo mondo viene tramandato e’ in gran parte frutto di fantasia; forse perche’ la verita’, in se’, non e’ mai particolarmente interessante. (53)

75 * Quali saranno mai i sentimenti di colui che vive in un ozio tedioso e melanconico? Stare soli, senza essere turbati da influenze esterne, e’ certo cosa gradita. Se si segue il mond, il proprio cuore viene facilmente traviato dall’impurita’. Frequentando la gente, la parola si adegua alle intenzioni altrui, non al proprio cuore. … Gli uomini sono tutti cosi’: corrono frenetici, e dimenticano la loro follia. (54)

Life is a well of delight; but where the rabble also drink, there all fountains are poisoned. (The rabble, xxviii, Thus Spake Zarathustra, Nietzsche)

91 * Cio’ che si e’ iniziato non giunge alla fine e cio’ a cui miriamo non si realizza, eppure i nostri desideri non hanno limite. Il cuore dell’uomo e’ instabile e tutte le cose non sono che illusioni. C’e’ qualcosa che rimanga, sia pur per breve tempo, immutato? (62)

105 * Nell’ombra del lato a settentrione della casa, dove la neve non sciolta era ghiacciata, stava ferma una vettura, le cui stanghe scintillavano di ghiaccioli. La luna dell’alba era tersa, ma qua e la’ v’erano angoli oscuri. Nel corridoio del tempio solitario sedevano sulla soglia di una porta un uomo, dall’aspetto distinto, e una donna. I due conversavano chissa’ di quale argomento, che sembrava non dovesse mai esaurirsi. Il modo con cui la donna inclinava il capo era segno di eleganza, e l’indefinibile profumo che emanava era delizioso. Quanto avrei voluto udire, sia pure in parte, cio’ che si dissero! (68-9)

108 * Nessuno in questo mondo conferisce valore all’istante. E’ forse per saggezza o per stupidita’? (70)

164 * Quando le persone si incontrano non stanno mai zitte un momento, hanno sempre qualcosa di cui discorrere; ma se si ascolta quel che dicono, si tratta quasi sempre di futilita’: voci senza fondamento, commenti benevoli o malevoli, … (101)

166 * Quando considero le cose per cui le creature umane si affannano, mi sembra come se, avendo costruito un Buddha di neve, esse fabbricassero ornamenti d’oro e d’argento e gioielli, e costruissero un tempio o una pagoda per lui. Potrebbe mai il Buddha di neve attendere la fine della costruzione?
Spesso all’uomo sembra che la vita duri eterna, e invece svanisce come neve e lascia molte cose incompiute. (102)

208 * Nel legare i rotoli dei sutra e’ stata sempre consuetudine avvolgere il laccio a croce, come nel tasuki, da sopra a sotto, facendone passare l’estremita’, tirandola per traverso, sotto l’incrocio, in modo da formare un cappio. (123)

211 * Non bisogna mai fidarsi di nessuno e di nulla, in nessuna occasione.

L’uomo e’ l’anima dell’universo, che non conosce limiti: come potrebbe dunque avere una natura diversa? Se agisce con larghezza di vedute e senza restrizioni, allora ne’ la gioia ne’ l’ira lo sfioreranno, ne’ le circostanze lo faranno soffrire. (125)

239 * Il quindicesimo giorno dell’ottava lunazione e il tredicesimo della nona sono dominati dalla costellazione Ro, che fa parte dell’Ariete. Poiche’ tale costellazione e’ straordinariamente luminosa, queste due notti sono particolarmente propizie per contemplar la luna. (142)
( )
  NewLibrary78 | Jul 22, 2023 |
This is a miscellany. It is a collection of various thoughts and things and events that the author finds interesting. A journal basically, or a diary. Some of it was uninteresting to me though, and did not translate at all. Proper etiquette is discussed. What constitutes refined behavior, and other matters. He talks a lot about how this tradition has been performed during the time of this or that emperor.

Where the book shines is with regards to aesthetics. Yoshida shows a taste on things which is rooted on buddhist philosophy. Probably the best paragraphs in the book are the ones under the heading 'On Different Points of View," where the beauty of imperfect things are discussed. It begins:

"Is it only when the flowers are in full bloom and when the moon is shining in spotless perfection that we ought to gaze at them?"

From there it goes on a rather interesting sort of exposition, describing and praising refined behavior and condemning the unrefined behavior of some people.

The perspective is intimate (similar to the 'slice-of-life' genre in Japanese anime and manga), and might surprise you in how 'modern' the sentiment of the author is. It is a trove of information on the culture and behavior of people during the author's time.

My version is the 1914 translation by William N. Porter, and since I have no knowledge of Japanese, I cannot make any comment on it. This version is freely available online and I enjoin the reader to have a go at it, and read it in her Iphone or Android phone using an ebookreader while waiting for someone or going on a public commute in a train or any public vehicle, as she could find something of interest to her in it.
( )
  rufus666 | Aug 14, 2022 |
I wouldn't have picked this up if not for quarantine and it being a recommendation on this website. That said, there were some very humorous essays here, but I think this is mainly of concern to someone with more of an interest in medieval Japan than maybe I have. ( )
  Popple_Vuh | Oct 24, 2021 |
This has been a disappointment. I suppose I was looking for more Buddhist insight, but what one gets seems unfocussed and all over the map. Notes on historical importance of each section would have been helpful, instead of the too brief and diffuse Introduction. ( )
  William345 | Jun 11, 2014 |
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» Afegeix-hi altres autors (6 possibles)

Nom de l'autorCàrrecTipus d'autorObra?Estat
Yoshida Kenkōautor primaritotes les edicionscalculat
Benl, OskarTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Boscaro, AdrianaEditorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Candau, R.P. SauveurTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
de Bary, William TheodorePròlegautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Grosbois, CharlesTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Keene, DonaldTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Kurata, RyūkichiTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Lipszyc, HenrykTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Mckinney, MeredithTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Motti, AdrianaTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Muccioli, MarcelloTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Porter, William N.Traductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Sansom, George BaileyTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Sukenobu, NishikawaIl·lustradorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Tō, TsuneyoriCalligrapherautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Vos, JanTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
Yoshida, TomikoTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
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Despite the turbulent times in which he lived, the Buddhist priest Kenkō met the world with a measured eye. As Emperor Go-Daigo fended off a challenge from the usurping Hojo family, and Japan stood at the brink of a dark political era, Kenkō held fast to his Buddhist beliefs and took refuge in the pleasures of solitude. Written between 1330 and 1332, Essays in Idleness reflects the congenial priest's thoughts on a variety of subjects. His brief writings, some no more than a few sentences long and ranging in focus from politics and ethics to nature and mythology, mark the crystallization of a distinct Japanese principle: that beauty is to be celebrated, though it will ultimately perish. Through his appreciation of the world around him and his keen understanding of historical events, Kenkō conveys the essence of Buddhist philosophy and its subtle teachings for all readers. Insisting on the uncertainty of this world, Kenkō asks that we waste no time in following the way of Buddha. In this fresh edition, Donald Keene's critically acclaimed translation is joined by a new preface, in which Keene himself looks back at the ripples created by Kenkō's musings, especially for modern readers.

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