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We Have Never Been Modern (1991)

de Bruno Latour

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941522,227 (3.85)3
With the rise of science, we moderns believe, the world changed irrevocably, separating us forever from our primitive, premodern ancestors. But if we were to let go of this fond conviction, Bruno Latour asks, what would the world look like? His book, an anthropology of science, shows us how much of modernity is actually a matter of faith. What does it mean to be modern? What difference does the scientific method make? The difference, Latour explains, is in our careful distinctions between nature and society, between human and thing, distinctions that our benighted ancestors, in their world of alchemy, astrology, and phrenology, never made. But alongside this purifying practice that defines modernity, there exists another seemingly contrary one: the construction of systems that mix politics, science, technology, and nature. The ozone debate is such a hybrid, in Latour's analysis, as are global warming, deforestation, even the idea of black holes. As these hybrids proliferate, the prospect of keeping nature and culture in their separate mental chambers becomes overwhelming--and rather than try, Latour suggests, we should rethink our distinctions, rethink the definition and constitution of modernity itself. His book offers a new explanation of science that finally recognizes the connections between nature and culture--and so, between our culture and others, past and present. Nothing short of a reworking of our mental landscape. We Have Never Been Modern blurs the boundaries among science, the humanities, and the social sciences to enhance understanding on all sides. A summation of the work of one of the most influential and provocative interpreters of science, it aims at saving what is good and valuable in modernity and replacing the rest with a broader, fairer, and finer sense of possibility.… (més)
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"Contaminación de los ríos; embriones congelados; coronavirus; sida; agujero de ozono; robots... ¿Cómo comprender estos objetos extraños que invaden nuestro mundo? ¿Proceden de la naturaleza o de la cultura? Hasta aquí; las cosas eran simples: para los científicos; la gestión de esta división tradicional del trabajo no puede explicar la proliferación de híbridos. De ahí el sentimiento de pavor que generan y que los filósofos contemporáneos no consiguen disipar. ¿Y si hubiéramos tomado el camino errado? De hecho; nuestra sociedad moderna nunca funcionó de acuerdo a la gran división que sustenta su sistema de representación del mundo: la que opone radicalmente la naturaleza a la cultura. En la práctica; los modernos no dejaron de crear objetos híbridos; que proceden tanto de la una como de la otra y que se niegan a pensar. Nunca fuimos verdaderamente modernos; y hoy en día; para comprender nuestro mundo; hay que cuestionar ese paradigma fundador (...) Bruno Latour abrió nuevos campos de investigación y brindó a la ecología posibilidades políticas inéditas".
  Perroteca | Feb 18, 2024 |
Struggled for about 30 pages, then gave up. Either the book makes no sense, or I'm woefully uneducated, or some combination of the two. Exactly the same feeling I get whenever I look at anything vaguely close to postmodernism.
  steve02476 | Jan 3, 2023 |
I have no problem conceding that this rather thin book went a bit over my head. The blurb promised a spectacular new insight into human reality and history. And the bold claim that we only seemingly joined modernism stimulated my curiosity. But Latour writes as if he's in his own universe, uses quite particular jargon (which he hardly explains) and terminology that differs from what the rest of the intellectual world ordinarily uses (eg he uses the word 'society' for something that almost everyone else would describe as 'culture') and many passages just remained too obscure for me.

And yet: what I did understand, did resonate somehow. I'll try to translate it into my own words: what we understand as modernity (the Enlightened, rational-scientific view of the world) is not a radical break with the foregoing, and it must certainly not be interpreted in terms of progress; on the contrary, it is even a downright wrong view. That is because modernity rests on a radical break between nature (matter) and culture (society), whilst - according to Latour - both belong to the same realm and can't be divided; the break even is clear nonsense. As a consequence, self-proclaimed modernism gives us the illusion that everything we create is new and different and above all better (an accumulation of knowledge and insights). And thus it throws us into an arrogance that dazzles and disguises that we are actually heading for a catastrophe. (Obviously Latour in his later works makes very strong ecological accents).

I think I do see what Latour means, and maybe he is partially right (but in a much more nuanced way): western modernism claims a universalism and a truthfulness that isn't realistic; in the past months my reading of a lot of books on systems thinking has made that clear to me, too. And Latour's critique on how we look at history and time from our modernist and progressive perspective really appealed to me; these passages in the book contain fundamentally valuable insights.

But I'm not convinced modernism in general makes such a clear break between nature and culture as Latour claims. And the author uses his point of departure to radically deal with everything and everyone (all -isms are done with, and most of all postmodernism, while his view in fact amounts to pure deconstruction and is therefore essentially postmodernist). Moreover, if we follow his claim that the starting point of modernism is a real illusion (that ‘nonsensical’ separation between nature and culture), how then is it possible that we are heading for an (ecological, nuclear ...) catastrophe? Then that distinction does make a difference! It seems to me that Latour got trapped in a thought paradox that he himself constructed.

No, I’d rather prefer the much more constructive approach of systems thinking that in its own way tackles the simplistic aspects of modernism, but at least makes an attempt to formulate meaningful alternatives. But then again, maybe I'm wronging Latour and I just misunderstood him. And it seems to me, that that is at least as much his fault as it is mine. ( )
  bookomaniac | May 12, 2018 |
Pollution des rivières, embryons congelés, virus du sida, trou d’ozone, robots à capteurs… Comment comprendre ces « objets » étranges qui envahissent notre monde ? Relèvent-ils de la nature ou de la culture ? Jusqu’ici, les choses étaient simples : aux scientifiques la gestion de la nature, aux politiques celle de la société. Mais ce traditionnel partage des tâches est impuissant à rendre compte de la prolifération des « hybrides ». D’où le sentiment d’effroi qu’ils procurent, et que ne parviennent pas à apaiser les philosophes contemporains. Et si nous avions fait fausse route ? En fait, notre société « moderne » n’a jamais fonctionné conformément au grand partage qui fonde son système de représentation du monde : celui qui oppose radicalement la nature d’un côté, la culture de l’autre. Dans la pratique, les modernes n’ont cessé de créer des objets hybrides, qui relèvent de l’une comme de l’autre, et qu’ils se refusent à penser. Nous n’avons donc jamais été vraiment modernes, et c’est ce paradigme fondateur qu’il nous faut remettre en cause aujourd’hui pour comprendre notre monde. Traduit dans plus de vingt langues, cet ouvrage, en modifiant de fond en comble la répartition traditionnelle entre la nature au singulier et les cultures au pluriel, a depuis sa parution profondé-ment renouvelé les débats en anthropologie. En offrant une alternative au postmodernisme, il a ouvert de nouveaux champs d’investigation et, avec son « Parlement des choses », offert à l’écologie de nouvelles possibilités politiques.
  ReseauTransition | Oct 6, 2016 |
Intéressant mais frustrant. Les démonstrations de l'auteur me semblent vraiment manquer de clarté et de rigueur, ce qui est d'autant plus énervant que j'ai l'impression que ses théories sont plutôt pertinentes. Malheureusement je manque de la culture qui me permettrait de remplir tous les non-dits du bouquin et de comprendre vraiment ce qu'il raconte.

J'aurais préféré que l'auteur se concentre moins sur le style, qui est en effet attrayant et plein d'humour, et étaye ses affirmations par plus de faits. Il se contente souvent de répéter, en les reformulant légèrement, les mêmes affirmations. Cela permet de les comprendre un peu mieux, mais ne prouve pas qu'elles soient exactes. Même les schémas ne sont pas clairs ! J'en retire l'impression qu'on essaie de me jeter de la poudre aux yeux, ce qui est assez agaçant. ( )
  FlorenceArt | May 30, 2007 |
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Bruno Latourautor primaritotes les edicionscalculat
Milinković, JagodaTraductorautor secundarialgunes edicionsconfirmat
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Wikipedia en anglès (1)

With the rise of science, we moderns believe, the world changed irrevocably, separating us forever from our primitive, premodern ancestors. But if we were to let go of this fond conviction, Bruno Latour asks, what would the world look like? His book, an anthropology of science, shows us how much of modernity is actually a matter of faith. What does it mean to be modern? What difference does the scientific method make? The difference, Latour explains, is in our careful distinctions between nature and society, between human and thing, distinctions that our benighted ancestors, in their world of alchemy, astrology, and phrenology, never made. But alongside this purifying practice that defines modernity, there exists another seemingly contrary one: the construction of systems that mix politics, science, technology, and nature. The ozone debate is such a hybrid, in Latour's analysis, as are global warming, deforestation, even the idea of black holes. As these hybrids proliferate, the prospect of keeping nature and culture in their separate mental chambers becomes overwhelming--and rather than try, Latour suggests, we should rethink our distinctions, rethink the definition and constitution of modernity itself. His book offers a new explanation of science that finally recognizes the connections between nature and culture--and so, between our culture and others, past and present. Nothing short of a reworking of our mental landscape. We Have Never Been Modern blurs the boundaries among science, the humanities, and the social sciences to enhance understanding on all sides. A summation of the work of one of the most influential and provocative interpreters of science, it aims at saving what is good and valuable in modernity and replacing the rest with a broader, fairer, and finer sense of possibility.

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