Juan Ruiz de AlarcónRessenyes

Colección Clásicos Castellanos nº 37
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Colección Clásicos Castellanos nº 147
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Ésta es una de la tres comedias de enredo de Juan Ruiz de Alarcón concebido en torno a una prueba: El semejante a sí mismo, La prueba de las promesas y El examen de maridos. Don Mendo, doña Ana, Beltrán y el Conde aparecen en otras obras de Ruiz de Alarcón como La prueba de las promesas, Las paredes oyen, El tejedor de Segovia, Los pechos privilegiados, Ganar amigos y La verdad sospechosa. Estas obras se inspiran en La novela del curioso impertinente, el ejemplo XI de El conde Lucanor y El mercader de Venecia.

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Juan Ruiz de Alarcón (1580 - 1639) es autor de cuidados dramas. Suelen desarrollarse en un ambiente urbano y algunos tienen un trasfondo histórico o legendario. "La verdad sospechosa", posiblemente representada ya antes de 1621, aunque publicada en 1630, es quizás la más sobresaliente de sus comedias morales, las cuales eran la especialidad de este autor. El tema de la obra es un defecto que sigue tan de actualidad como el hábito de mentir, lo que la pone hoy mismo en el candelero. Esta obra fue más tarde imitada por Corneille con "Le menteur".

CONTENIDO: LAS PAREDES OYEN -- LA VERDAD SOSPECHOSA -- LOS PECHOS PRIVILEGIADOS -- GANAR AMIGOS

Clásicos Ebro

I read a handful of Siglo de Oro plays a few years ago and I remember really enjoying the language and the rhymed dialogue. I'm planning on returning to some of my favorites (La vida es sueño, El caballero de Olmedo), and also reading some new works that expand my horizons beyond Lope and Calderón. Juan Ruiz de Alarcón was a contemporary of theirs, and the brief biography that begins this edition painted the picture of a sort of underdog on the scene of early 17th century Spanish letters. His work as a dramatist was at least partially motivated by economic need and the desire to attain higher level administrative posts. He was involved in mean-spirited poetic back-and-forths with Quevedo and Lope, among others. He bounced back and forth from Europe to Mexico (where he was born), eventually settling into a mid-level job back in America. He's thought to have been a rather short and hunchbacked man. His name hasn't survived like those of some of his contemporaries. I finished the introduction and wanted his play to be a good one, because it seemed like he took a lot of disrespect from his more illustrious peers, and I've always thought that Quevedo kind of seemed like a bully.

The play begins with young Don García's arrival to Madrid from Salamanca, where he was completing his university studies. His father, Don Beltrán, asks his son's tutor to be truthful with him and tell him about any character defects his son might have picked up while in school. The tutor explains that Don García's character befits his noble lineage except for one thing: he's not always truthful. This concerns Don Beltrán, and he concludes that he'd better arrange a marriage for his son as quickly as possible before Don García starts roving around the court telling lies and earning a less-than-honorable reputation. We then meet the son, and as he enters into city life it becomes obvious he has absolutely no intention of changing his ways. He tells lies all day, everyday. He meets a beautiful woman and tells her he's the type of guy who went to Peru and made a fortune, and he says he's had his eye on her for a year. He tells his old buddy Don Juan about this awesome party he threw the night before and leaves him completely jealous and convinced that his would-be fiancé attended the party and might just marry Don García instead. He convinces his father that he's already gotten married back in Salamanca. He builds this giant system of lies in order to win the beautiful lady's hand in marriage. Her name is Jacinta, although she's also got a friend named Lucrecia and there's always a bit of confusion as to who's who...anyway, Don García is an excellent liar and although he starts to struggle to keep his many stories straight, he pushes forward with confidence that things will work out in the end.

I don't know a whole lot about the conventions of the Golden Age comedy. I know that Lope de Vega pretty much established the rules for the genre in Spain, and I plan on re-reading a few of his plays along with the introductory studies to the critical editions I'm so fond of in the hopes of coming to an understand of what exactly the genre rules are. I do seem to remember that the long speeches in his plays, and in Calderón's, were generally fairly serious and sometimes moralizing in their nature. That's not always the case here: Don García will get going on a lie and go on for fifty or a hundred lines. I tried imagining what it must have been like to see the play and watch him build these elaborate stories as the other characters are drawn into his descriptions. Alongside these lies about sumptuous dinner spreads at parties in the countryside and romantic intrigue in Salamanca, there are more traditional discussions of honor and whether nobility is conferred by one's birth or one's deeds. Essentially, Don Beltrán wants his son to see that he can ruin his high birth through his lies, while the son often argues that he should be judged not by his words but by his deeds...but that's not really going to happen if everybody knows your words tend to be false.

One final reason why I enjoyed this play: the footnotes are excellent. It's a Castalia edition done by a Spanish professor named José Montero Reguera. He traces the uses of a lot of the more difficult or confusing words, but he also explains the theatrical conventions of the time and the way that the action and the characters in this play relate to the Golden Age tradition. For example, he points out occasions where Don García's servant, Tristán, makes statements that belie his social standing and carries out roles that transcend the traditional part of the "criado" in Spanish theater. The footnotes, on top of an introduction that was brief, informative, and made me curious about this play, all contributed greatly to the reading experience.

Todo un descubrimiento. Deliciosa comedia de enredo en torno a un mentiroso compulsivo (Don García), recién llegado a la Corte desde Salamanca, que se ve obligado a engañar a todo el mundo con tal de evitar casarse con la dama que le propone su padre, que no es otra que aquella de la que él está realmente enamorado. Trama argumental muy ingeniosa y bien resuelta, llena de equívocos. El gracioso es mucho más sensato que el caballero. Magníficos versos dramáticos, siempre en función de la historia y no solo del estilo. No desmerece de cualquier comedia de Lope o Calderón. Eso me lleva a pensar en cuántos dramaturgos del Siglo de Oro, eclipsados por los grandes, tendrán obras geniales como esta y están ahí esperando que las leamos. Yo, por lo pronto, ya estoy buscando Las paredes oyen. Muy recomendable para todos los amantes del teatro clásico.